Innovative Online Tool Assesses Energy Deficiency Risks in Active Young Women

Researchers at Pennsylvania State University have developed an online tool aimed at predicting energy deficiency risks among young, physically active women. This innovative questionnaire is designed to assist athletic directors, coaches, healthcare providers, and the athletes themselves in identifying potential energy deficiencies, which can adversely affect reproductive health, bone density, and overall athletic performance.

Traditionally, assessing energy deficiency necessitated complex laboratory tests or invasive procedures, presenting a significant barrier for athletes and active women. The new tool, named the Female Energy Deficiency Questionnaire (FED-Q), simplifies this process, allowing users to evaluate risks through a brief online form.

A study detailing the creation and validation of the FED-Q has been published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. The lead researcher emphasized that while the FED-Q cannot provide a definitive diagnosis--an evaluation that requires medical intervention--it serves as a preliminary screening method, enabling users to determine if they should seek further assessment.

For over two decades, the Women's Health & Exercise Lab at Penn State has been investigating the implications of energy deficiency in female athletes. The development of the FED-Q utilized data from 202 participants who had previously undergone assessments relevant to energy deficiency. This included evaluations of their physiological status, eating behaviors, and body image perceptions.

Researchers identified that no single biological marker can definitively indicate energy deficiency; however, they found that serum total triiodothyronine (T3) levels are a reliable proxy. Low T3 levels are indicative of a slowed metabolism, which occurs when a woman does not consume enough energy, prompting her body to conserve resources.

The FED-Q was constructed by selecting variables that correlated with energy deficiency and testing their predictive accuracy against T3 levels among a subset of study participants. Through rigorous statistical analyses, the researchers were able to confirm that the questionnaire can predict energy deficiency with approximately 82% accuracy.

Users of the FED-Q are required to input their height, weight, and menstrual cycle regularity, followed by answering a series of nine multiple-choice questions. This process, which takes only a few minutes, provides immediate feedback regarding their risk of energy deficiency.

Upon receiving their risk assessment, it is crucial for women to understand the next steps. If the questionnaire indicates a potential risk, it is recommended that they consult with a dietitian to evaluate their nutritional intake. In cases where energy deficiency may be a long-term issue, further medical examination might be necessary to assess bone and menstrual health. Additionally, psychological support may be useful, as energy deficiencies are often linked to body image concerns.

The availability of this tool is seen as a significant advancement in supporting female athletes, helping them maintain optimal performance levels and long-term health. The researchers express satisfaction in knowing that the FED-Q is accessible online at no cost, further empowering women to take charge of their health and wellness.

For further details, the study titled Development and Validation of a Risk-Assessment Tool for Energy Deficiency in Young Active Females: The Female Energy Deficiency Questionnaire (FED-Q) can be referenced in the journal mentioned above.